LEARNING ABOUT GOD
January 28, 2010 | Leave a Comment
LEARNING ABOUT GOD
The Character of God[i]
“Without faith it is impossible to please [God]” (Heb. 11:6)—but it is also impossible to have faith in God without knowing the character of God. Faith manifests itself by our belief in God’s promises, which in turn are grounded in his character.
Ways in Which God Reveals Himself
God has revealed himself through the stories of the Bible, primarily, in four overlapping ways: (1) actions; (2) names; (3) images; and (4) attributes… as seen in this chart. God reveals himself through actions, names, and images because they carry vivid, experiential, creative, and situational power. However, it is God’s attributes that are the fundamental descriptions of who he is.
|
Means of Revelation |
Examples |
| actions | creating, judging, redeeming |
| names |
|
| images | Father, Rock, Husband, Shepherd |
| attributes | holiness, goodness, love, grace, wrath |
Actions of God
God shows who he is in what he does. In creating the world, God shows his power, wisdom, beauty, goodness, and prodigious creativity. After the creation of humanity God talks to, walks with, and seeks out humans, even when they lapse into rebellion against him, showing that he is relational, personal, engaged, and caring. God demonstrates his holiness, wrath, and justice when he curses human rebellion in the garden and judges the unrighteous through the flood in Noah’s day. He shows his grace and mercy in establishing a covenant with Noah and Abraham. In sending his Son to live and die for humanity, he shows amazing love and compassion. Whenever God acts, we see his character and nature displayed.
Names of God
God offers his name as a personal introduction and as a window into his character. This is why David says, “Those who know your name put their trust in you” (Ps. 9:10). To know his name is to know he is trustworthy. God’s act of naming himself is a profoundly gracious act of accommodation and engagement.
Among the many names for God in the Bible, there is none more important than Yahweh (translated “Lord”), a name that was revealed to Moses at the burning bush (Ex. 3:15). Linguistically related to the verb “I am,” Yahweh is packed with theological import. It most likely communicates God’s self-existence, independence, self-sufficiency, eternality, and unchanging character. These transcendent qualities are powerfully complemented when God also tells Moses to refer to him as “the God of your fathers” (Ex. 3:15). God is both majestic and intimate, the great, eternal “I am,” the God who knows his children by name and keeps his covenant promises. Christian worship, discipleship, and preaching must maintain both healthy fear of the Lord and freedom and confidence in his presence
Another striking and revealing name for God is “Jealous” (Hb. ’El qana’). God tells Moses that he is so jealous for his glory expressed in the faithfulness of his people that “Jealous” is an appropriate name for himself. The reason God gives for his commandment against idolatry is grounded in his character as a jealous God: “For you shall worship no other god, for the Lord, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God” (Ex. 34:14). God deserves and demands absolute, exclusive loyalty and hates spiritual adultery. In his jealous love he refuses to allow his people to be supremely devoted to anything but himself. Because he is absolutely worthy of worship, allowing his people to love anything more than him would compromise his justice and love.
Images of God
Images of God are analogies from daily life that serve to illustrate his attributes. Among many other images, God is: Father, King, Consuming Fire, Judge, Husband, Shepherd, Potter, Farmer, Refiner, Landowner, Lion, Bear, Light, Water, Tower, and Lamb! These amazingly diverse descriptions from a multitude of human experiences offer pictures of God that reach minds and hearts in ways that abstract definitions do not. Images, like attributes and names, must be considered in relation to one another. If certain images are emphasized at the expense of others, God’s character will be misunderstood. The varied images in the Bible are all complementary to each other, and each is vital for understanding God. For example, God as the Rock points out his strength, stability, and justice, while God as Husband gives insight into his loving, faithful, committed heart for his covenant people.
The image of God as a Rock is used in both OT and NT. Deuteronomy 32 especially highlights God as Rock in light of Israel’s unfaithfulness: “You were unmindful of the Rock that bore you, and you forgot the God who gave you birth” (Deut. 32:18; cf. Deut. 32:4, 13, 15, 30, 31, 37). Paul uses this image as a title of strength and applies it to Christ in 1 Corinthians 10:4: “and all drank the same spiritual drink. For they drank from the spiritual Rock that followed them, and the Rock was Christ.” Although the Rock (Hb. tsur) of Deuteronomy 32 is Yahweh, Paul applies the same title to Jesus. The Rock that followed and provided for the Israelites in the wilderness in the old covenant was the Christ who provides for the Corinthian believers in the new covenant. The Rock in the wilderness shares the same attributes as the Rock of the table, cup, and bread.
The strength and stability of the rock imagery is beautifully complemented by the tender, compassionate image of God as the Husband of his people. “For your Maker is your husband, the Lord of hosts is his name; and the Holy One of Israel is your Redeemer, the God of the whole earth he is called” (Isa. 54:5; cf. Jer. 2:2; Hosea 1–3). God’s relational involvement with his people is so intimate and personal that he is jealous when his people are unfaithful. God speaks with the jealous voice of a husband who has been betrayed by an adulterous wife: “Surely, as a treacherous wife leaves her husband, so have you been treacherous to me, O house of Israel, declares the Lord” (Jer. 3:20). The idea of God as a rock could lead to impersonal, static, cold conceptions, were it not for the intensely loving, engaged husband imagery. The marriage metaphor could reduce God to being weak, vulnerable, and pathetic if not for images like a rock (and a king, warrior, fire, etc.). Images of God bring his attributes from being mere abstractions into vivid clarity because they are based on our experiences of life.
Attributes of God
The attributes of God are the normal descriptions that images, names, and actions illuminate from different biblical narratives. His attributes are his essential characteristics that make him who he is. God’s attributes are typically classified as either incommunicable or communicable. Incommunicable attributes are not shared by humans as are communicable attributes but they can be known through reading God’s Word in the power of the Holy Spirit.
The attributes can be organized using the classifications shown in the following charts titled “Incommunicable Attributes” and “Communicable Attributes.”
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Incommunicable Attributes |
| Independence (self-existence, self-sufficiency) |
| Unchangeableness (immutability) |
| Eternal |
| Omnipresence |
| Unity (simplicity) |
|
Communicable Attributes |
Attributes Describing God’s Being
|
Mental Attributes
|
Moral Attributes
|
Attributes of Purpose
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Summary Attributes
|
The Unity of God
This list of classified attributes of God can be helpful in developing an organized perspective on God’s character. However, his character cannot be reduced to a quantifiable list of properties. Maintaining the unity of God’s attributes is essential in the study of his character. His unity means that although we experience certain attributes more clearly at certain times, nevertheless, his attributes are not divided into parts and must always be understood interdependently. His attributes are not petals on a flower to be plucked off and viewed in isolation from the rest. The unity of God requires finite creatures to pursue a holistic understanding of him. When God expresses judgment and wrath, he does not cease to be merciful, patient, or kind in that moment. He never expresses certain attributes at the expense of others. Fallen humans tend to emphasize attributes that affirm our personal inclinations, experience, and contemporary sensibilities. Considering God’s attributes independently of each other leads to unbalanced idolatrous conceptions of God. A biblically integrated understanding of God involves, along with a list of attributes, the work of the Spirit, the whole counsel of God’s Word accurately interpreted, the input of church history, and the input of believers from diverse cultures.
Examples of Application to Life
The following two charts labeled “Practical Implications” offer a brief survey of some of God’s attributes. Each section of the charts provides a basic definition of an attribute (based on Wayne Grudem’s Systematic Theology), a key passage of supporting Scripture, and one basic implication for daily life.
Practical Implications of the Incommunicable Attributes of God
|
Attribute |
Scripture |
Implication |
| Independence: God does not need us or the rest of creation for anything, yet we and the rest of creation can glorify him and bring him joy. | “The God who made the world and everything in it, being Lord of heaven and earth, does not live in temples made by man, nor is he served by human hands, as though he needed anything, since he himself gives to all mankind life and breath and everything” (Acts 17:24–25; cf. Ex. 3:14; Job 41:11; Ps. 50:9–12; 90:2). | God never experiences need, so serving God should never be motivated by the thought that he needs us. He is the provider in everything. |
| Immutability: God is unchanging in his being, perfections, purposes, and promises, although as he acts in response to different situations he feels emotions. | “For I the Lord do not change; therefore you, O children of Jacob, are not consumed” (Mal. 3:6; for “being,” cf. Ps. 102:25–27; Mal. 3:6; James 1:17; for “purposes,” cf. Ps. 33:11; Isa. 46:9–11; for “promises,” cf. Num. 23:19; Rom. 11:29). | God can always be trusted because he always keeps his word, and is never capricious or moody. |
| Eternal: God has no beginning or end and is in no way bound by time, although he sees events and acts in his world in time, which is in fact one dimension of the created order. | “Before the mountains were brought forth, or ever you had formed the earth and the world, from everlasting to everlasting you are God” (Ps. 90:2; cf. Ex. 3:14; Job 36:26; Ps. 90:4; Isa. 46:9–10; John 8:58; 1 Tim. 6:16; 2 Pet. 3:8; Jude 24–25; Rev. 1:8; 4:8). | Those who trust the God of eternity can know peace, rest, and comfort in the busyness of life and in spite of impending death, for God keeps them in safety and joy forever. |
| Omnipresence: God does not have spatial dimensions and is present everywhere with his whole being, though he acts differently in different situations. | “Am I a God at hand, declares the Lord, and not a God far away? Can a man hide himself in secret places so that I cannot see him? declares the Lord. Do I not fill heaven and earth?” (Jer. 23:23–24; cf. 1 Kings 8:27; Ps. 139:7–10; Isa. 66:1–2; Acts 7:48–50). | God can be sought anywhere regardless of place. Believers should never feel lonely, and the wicked should never feel safe. |
Practical Implications of the Communicable Attributes of God
|
Attribute |
Scripture |
Implication |
| Holiness: God is absolutely and uniquely excellent above all creation (majesty) and without sin (purity). | “And the four living creatures, each of them with six wings, are full of eyes all around and within, and day and night they never cease to say, ‘Holy, holy, holy, is the Lord God Almighty, who was and is and is to come!’” (Rev. 4:8; for “majestic holiness,” cf. Ex. 15:11; 1 Chron. 16:27–29; Isa. 57:15; for “moral holiness,” cf. Isa. 5:16; 6:1–8; Acts 3:14; Heb. 7:26). | God should be feared and obeyed, and his people should earnestly pursue moral purity. |
| Omnipotence: God is able to do all his holy will. | “Remember the former things of old; for I am God, and there is no other; I am God, and there is none like me, declaring the end from the beginning and from ancient times things not yet done, saying, ‘My counsel shall stand, and I will accomplish all my purpose’” (Isa. 46:9–10; cf. Ex. 6:3; Job 37:23; 40:2; 42:1–6; Ps. 24:6; 33:10–11; 91:1; Dan. 4:34–35; Matt. 28:18). | God’s ultimate will is never frustrated by evil, so there is peace and confidence in the face of suffering for those who trust God. |
| Sovereignty: God has absolute rule over creation as King and total control and determination over all that happens. | “His dominion is an everlasting dominion, and his kingdom endures from generation to generation; all the inhabitants of the earth are accounted as nothing, and he does according to his will among the host of heaven and among the inhabitants of the earth; and none can stay his hand or say to him, ‘What have you done?’” (Dan. 4:34–35; cf. 1 Chron. 29:11–13; Ps. 22:28; 24:1; 47:7–9; 103:19; Prov. 16:19, 21, 33; Dan. 4:25; 7:1–28; 12:1–13; Matt. 6:13; 10:29; Acts 17:26; Eph. 1:11; 1 Tim. 6:15; James 1:13–15). | Mankind should obey and submit to God as humble subjects of his kingdom. |
| Omniscience: God fully knows himself and all things actual and possible—past, present, and future. | “Whenever our heart condemns us, God is greater than our heart, and he knows everything” (1 John 3:20; cf. Job 28:24; 37:16; Ps. 139:1–3; 147:5; Isa. 55:8–9; Matt. 10:29–30; Rom. 11:33–34; 1 Cor. 2:10–11; Heb. 4:13). | All God’s thoughts and actions are perfectly informed by perfect knowledge, so he is perfectly trustworthy. |
| Wisdom: God always knows and chooses the best goals and the best means to those goals. Wisdom is a moral as well as an intellectual quality. | “Blessed be the name of God forever and ever, to whom belong wisdom and might” (Dan. 2:20; cf. Job 9:4; 12:13; Ps. 104:24; Rom. 11:33; 16:27; 1 Cor. 1:21–29; Eph. 3:10–11). | God’s wisdom is not always clear to us, but it is great, deep, valuable, and should be highly desired and sought, and we should not doubt its reality even in circumstances that upset us. |
| Love: God freely and eternally gives of himself. The ultimate historical demonstration of God’s love is seen in the cross of Christ. | “Anyone who does not love does not know God, because God is love. In this the love of God was made manifest among us, that God sent his only Son into the world, so that we might live through him. In this is love, not that we have loved God but that he loved us and sent his Son to be the propitiation for our sins” (1 John 4:8–10; cf. John 3:16; 15:13; 17:24; Rom. 5:8; 8:31–39; Gal. 2:20; 1 John 3:16; 4:16). | God is eager to extravagantly give of himself to meet the needs of lost sinners, so they should flee to him with confidence (cf. Rom. 8:32). |
| Wrath: God intensely hates and responds with anger to all sin and rebellion. God hates every threat to what he loves. | “Then the kings of the earth and the great ones and the generals and the rich and the powerful, and everyone, slave and free, hid themselves in the caves and among the rocks of the mountains, calling to the mountains and rocks, ‘Fall on us and hide us from the face of him who is seated on the throne, and from the wrath of the Lamb’” (Rev. 6:15–16; cf. Ex. 34:7; Rom. 1:18; 2:4; 2 Cor. 5:10; 2 Thess. 1:5; 2 Pet. 3:9). | God should be greatly feared. Unbelievers should fear his judgment and turn to Christ for salvation. Believers should fear God’s fatherly discipline. The God who loves us is also the holy God who hates sin (1 Pet. 1:17). |
God’s Attributes Are Seen Most Clearly in Christ
Jesus Christ is the most definitive revelation of all of these attributes. To see God’s character we look ultimately to God incarnate: “For God, who said, ‘Let light shine out of darkness,’ has shone in our hearts to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ” (2 Cor. 4:6). In the cross of Christ all God’s major attributes are displayed in condensed lucidity. His wrath, grace, justice, mercy, sovereignty, goodness, love, holiness, compassion, wisdom, and power meet there for the world to see. When discussions of God’s attributes become esoteric and sterile, it is the face and cross of Christ that restores radical clarity, reality, and compelling beauty.
[i] Based on ESV Study Bible article “Biblical Doctrine: An Overview” from Crossway Bibles
GOD’S OVERALL PLAN… ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS
January 28, 2010 | Leave a Comment
God’s Overall Plan… Essential Elements[i]
The Bible and Revelation
The most important thing in life is knowing the one true God. Jesus said, “Now this is eternal life: that they may know you, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom you have sent.” (John 17:3). God created people fundamentally for relationship with himself. This relationship depends on knowing who he is as he has revealed himself, what he has done, who we are in his eyes, and what he requires of us.
God is personal, which means he has a mind, will, emotions, relational ability, and self-consciousness. Because he is personal, and not merely an impersonal object, God must personally reveal himself to us. He has done this in general revelation (the world), special revelation (the Word of God), and in the life and passion of Jesus Christ—his Son.
God’s plan is to save believers (see below[1]) from their sins—and to bring them fully and finally to himself (John 3:16-18; 2 Pet 3:9; 2 Tim 2:10). Believers have been saved from the penalty of their sins; they are currently being saved from the power of sin; and one day, when God’s plan of salvation is completed and they are with Christ, they shall be like him, and they shall be saved even from the very presence of sin. This is God’s plan of salvation.
God’s ultimate purpose in redemptive history is to create a people, from every tribe and nation, to dwell in his presence, glorifying him through their lives and enjoying him forever.
Revelation 21:3-4 “And I heard a loud voice from the throne saying, “Now the dwelling of God is with men, and he will live with them. They will be his people, and God himself will be with them and be their God. He will wipe every tear from their eyes. There will be no more death or mourning or crying or pain, for the old order of things has passed away.”
The grand historical narrative of the Bible begins with God in eternal glory before the beginning of time and history and ending with God and his redeemed people in eternal glory… “When Christ, who is your life, appears, then you also will appear with him in glory” (Colossians 3:4).
At the center stands the cross, where God revealed his glory through his Son.
So let’s establish a framework for God’s overall plan in the chronology of dispensations[2] beginning with Adam and ending with the believer’s eternal home—the new heaven and new Earth. Such a study may seem unnecessary. However, the lack of such biblical teaching has bred confusion, fantasy, and out-and-out heresy concerning biblical doctrine. Knowing God’s overall plan is essential for a true biblical worldview.
Time of Innocence
Since Adam, God has dealt with mankind through the progression of history to bring all things to fulfillment according to His Word. God has always given man a choice to accept or reject His direction. This has been the case from the very onset of man’s existence in the Garden of Eden. The Garden Period was a time of innocence supplied with choice through free will.
The period of innocence lasted until Adam sinned against God and was removed from the Garden. Adam and Eve had enjoyed access to every tree except one; therefore, choice did exist. Through the devil’s deception, Adam chose to disobey God and eat the fruit of the forbidden tree. Therefore, all mankind have been born under the curse of sin since Adam. It was then that death became a sentence for man (Rom. 5:12-17). What began with spiritual death—separation from God was followed by physical death (Rom. 6:23).
Romans 5:12-13 “Therefore, just as sin entered the world through one man, and death through sin, and in this way death came to all men, because all sinned– for before the law was given, sin was in the world. But sin is not taken into account when there is no law.”
Age of Personal Responsibility–Conscience
Adam and Eve’s expulsion from the Garden brought an age of personal responsibility. The sentence would be immediately realized through labor: the sweat of the brow and pain in childbirth (Gen. 3:16, 19). Not only was God’s grace and mercy known because of the Garden experience, but also the plight of disobeying God was known due to Adam’s sin. Man’s conscience would be his guide during this time.
Also during this age of responsibility, Adam’s firstborn son, Cain, killed his brother, Abel. Abel was the first human to die physically because of sin. However, God continued a godly lineage through another son of Adam and Eve… Seth. Through this lineage Christ later came to Earth.
As punishment for his sin, Cain was cast away from the family and left to become a fugitive and a vagabond (Gen. 4:12). God put a mark (owth [as in appearance], as that of a beacon) on Cain for recognition, for shunning, and for his protection (Gen. 4:15). Cain’s expulsion and mark also stood as a reminder of God’s punishment against sin. Thus, those attributes both pleasing and displeasing to God were known during this age of responsibility.
Flood of Noah
Due to the flourishing population and the working of evil in the hearts of men, corruption and degradation abounded after Adam and Eve’s expulsion from the Garden of Eden. Man’s lack of self-discipline during the age of responsibility caused the searing of the conscience. Man became self-reliant. Disrespect for God’s principles continued. Such sin brought the necessary cleansing of the Earth, which came by flood.
Noah, a descendant of Adam through his son Seth, found grace in the eyes of the Lord and was spared this terrible judgment. The Bible clearly reveals that only eight individuals survived the flood of Noah’s time (I Peter 3:20). This deluge covered the entire Earth and wiped out all forms of life (Gen. 6:17) except Noah, his family, the chosen animals in the ark, and the sea creatures.
Genesis 6:17 “I am going to bring floodwaters on the earth to destroy all life under the heavens, every creature that has the breath of life in it. Everything on earth will perish.”
God made a covenant with Noah that the Earth would never again be flooded by water. God gave a rainbow as a sign of that covenant.
The Age of Man’s Covenant—Human Government
A great rebellion against the God of Noah was headed by Nimrod, a descendant of Noah through his son Ham. This was the time of the infamous Tower of Babel and the confusion of languages. However, a godly lineage continued through Noah’s son, Shem. Through Shem’s lineage came a man called Abram (”high father”), whose name God later changed to Abraham (”father of a multitude” – Gen. 17:5).
The age of God’s covenant with mankind for eternal purposes began with Abram. He became a great man of faith. His father, Terah, was an idolater (Josh. 24:2), yet Abram purposed to follow the one and only God (Gen. 12:1-3). Abram later came to be recognized as the father of nations (people of God), thus the name Abraham. It was his faith that was recognized by the people of God throughout history. The children of Israel came through Abraham’s grandson, Jacob and his sons.
The Age of the Law
Abraham’s descendants fell under Egyptian bondage due to the process of sin. During this time Moses was born. He later led the Hebrew children from this bondage. After the escape from bondage came the necessity for the Law. This Law was given to direct the people and was necessary because of sin… Read Gal. 3:19.
Nelson’s Bible Dictionary defines the Law as: An orderly system of rules and regulations by which a society is governed. At Mt. Sinai, during the exodus from Egyptian slavery, a unique law code was established by direct revelation from God to direct His people in their worship, in their relationship to Him, and in their social relationships with one another.
The Ten Commandments express God’s moral character and thus reveal righteousness to humanity. The commandments expressed the moral responsibilities of those living in old covenant relationship with God. Although the commandments were in themselves holy, just, and good they were unable to produce righteousness in members of the Old Testament community because of man’s sin nature and the resulting rebellion against God.
The Age of Ultimate Responsibility–Grace
The age of ultimate responsibility refers to the time extending from the Day of Pentecost until the “catching away” of the Church (called the Rapture). This period of time is also known as the Church Age.
Acts 17:30-31 “In the past God overlooked such ignorance, but now he commands all people everywhere to repent. For he has set a day when he will judge the world with justice by the man he has appointed. He has given proof of this to all men by raising him from the dead.”
The Law ended in Christ Jesus. He came not to destroy (demolish) the Law, but to fulfill it (Matt. 5:17). The Law is now our schoolmaster that brings the people of God to Christ Jesus
Christ came to Earth to be the ultimate sacrifice for man, the only way by which man could be freed from the curse of sin and death and be righteous (1 Cor. 15:21-22). Salvation was offered because of grace—God’s undeserved kindness to sinners.
This era of grace, the Church Age, is also an age of ultimate responsibility. The responsibility lies in believing, by faith, in Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior and living, by the enabling of the Holy Spirit, a life exemplary of that profession of faith in Christ. Therefore, all people everywhere become responsible for their own fate if they do not trust God’s plan of salvation through Jesus.
- If one is not with Christ, he is against Christ (Matt. 12:30; Lk. 11:23).
- To steadfastly refuse to “receive” Him by “believing” in his name is the unpardonable sin (Matt. 12:31).
No one should ignore the Spirit’s urging to “believe.” Jesus said: “He that is not with me is against me; and he that gathereth not with me scattereth abroad. Wherefore I say unto you, All manner of sin and blasphemy shall be forgiven unto men: but the blasphemy against the Holy Ghost shall not be forgiven unto men” (Matthew 12:30-31).
John 3:18 “Whoever believes in him is not condemned, but whoever does not believe stands condemned already because he has not believed in the name of God’s one and only Son”.
Christ’s death, burial, resurrection, and ascension have assured eternal life for all those who call upon His name. The age of responsibility describes the time when ” …whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord [Jesus] shall be saved” (Rom. 3:10,13; 3:23; 5:12; 6:23; 5:8; 10:9,10,13).
We are now living in this age of responsibility awaiting the return of our Lord. This necessitates a future plan and that plan is clearly revealed by God in his Word.
Biblical Chronology of Things to Come
The Rapture
The next major event for believers (the Church) will be the “catching away” commonly called the Rapture (1 Thess.4:17). The Rapture will occur seven years prior to the Second Coming of Christ. The Bible gives us no signs preceding the Rapture; however, many passages of Scripture indicate that it will happen at any moment (Matt. 24:36; Lk. 21:36; 1 Thess. 4:17; Rev. 3:10). All believers who are alive, along with those who have died after the Day of Pentecost and before the Rapture, will be included in this event (I Thess. 4: 13-17). The resurrection of believers will occur at the Rapture.
The word “rapture” comes from the Latin word rapera, which means to be “caught up” and this is the term used in 1 Thessalonians 4:17: “Then we which are alive and remain shall be caught up together…”. The New Testament was originally written in Greek… the Greek word is harpazo.
Those who miss the Rapture, by reason of rejecting (not believing) Christ as Lord, will be on earth to face seven years of the most terrible events in Earth’s and mankind’s history. This time is called the Tribulation Period (Matt. 24:21).
The Judgment Seat of Christ
Paul affirms the judgment of every believer in 2 Corinthians 5:10… “For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, that each one may receive what is due him for the things done while in the body, whether good or bad.” It immediately follows, or will occur in conjunction with, the Rapture.
The Marriage Supper of the Lamb
This event will occur in heaven after the Rapture, after the Judgment Seat of Christ, and before the Second Corning of Jesus Christ to Earth (Rev. 19:7-9). This time frame is realized because the Church (”caught up” believers) will return to Earth with Christ (Zech. 14:5; Col. 3:4; I Thess. 3:13; Jude 14; Rev. 19:7-9). Then the Bride of Christ (2 Cor. 11:2) will be represented by the term “wife” (Rev. 19:7).
The Second Coming of Christ—2nd Advent
The Second Coming of Christ is when Christ will split the eastern sky and return to Earth to set up His millennium kingdom. It will be the most glorious event the world has ever seen (Read Rev. 19:11). The Church, aka – the Body of Christ—the wife of Christ will rule and reign with Christ during the earthly kingdom.
The Judgment of Nations—Gentiles
The judgment of Gentiles will occur after the Tribulation Period and after the Second Coming of Christ. It will occur immediately after the Lord comes to the Earth to reign over His earthly kingdom (Matt. 25:31; Lk. 1:32). This judgment will be directed toward the gentile nations of people on Earth who help or do not help the children of Israel during the Tribulation Period because it is directed toward bringing the children of Israel to repentance.
Those judged at this event will either be cast into the Lake of Fire or allowed to enter into the Millennial Reign, depending upon their actions toward “my brethren” (Read Matt. 25: 31-46). Those who aid the children of Israel (Jews) are represented as sheep in Matthew’s Gospel account and those who do not help the Jews are represented by goats.
The Age of the Millennial Reign of Christ—Kingdom
This is the period when Christ Jesus will rule and reign upon the Earth from Jerusalem for 1,000 years. Those included in the Rapture will rule and reign with Him (Rom. 8:17; II Tim. 2:12).
Today, the term “millennium” has overshadowed the use of the biblical term “kingdom.” This is due to the mention of only the length of this period in Scripture, that is, the “one thousand years” of Revelation 20:1-5. The term is also used to minimize confusion between the spiritual and literal kingdoms of Christ.
The Millennial Reign and the Kingdom have often been treated interchangeably. They are so called because Christ will set up a divine government on Earth over the nations of the world. It is the “thy kingdom come” of the Lord’s Prayer (Matthew 6:10).
The Creation of the New Heaven and New Earth
After the dissolution of the present heaven and earth at the end of the millennium, God will create a new heaven and a new earth (Isa. 65:17; 66:22; 2 Pet. 3:13; Rev. 21:1). By a definite act of creation God calls into being a new heaven and a new earth. As God created the present heavens and earth to be the scene of His theocratic display, so God will create the new heavens and earth to be the scene of the eternal theocratic kingdom of God.
Israel’s covenants guarantee the people the land, a national existence, a kingdom, a King, and spiritual blessings in perpetuity. Therefore there must be an eternal earth in which these blessings can be fulfilled. By a translation out of the old earth Israel will be brought into the new earth, there to enjoy forever all that God has promised to them. Then it shall be eternally true… as seen in Revelation 21:3 “Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, and he will dwell with them, and they shall be his people, and God himself shall be with them, and be their God.”
The creation of the new heavens and new earth is the final preparatory act anticipating the eternal kingdom of God. It will then be true, that God has a kingdom “wherein dwelleth righteousness.”
Eternal Destiny of Believers
In relation to the eternal destiny of believers, it is to be observed that their destiny primarily is related to a Person rather than a place. While the place looms with importance (John 14:3), the place is overshadowed by the Person into whose presence the believer is taken, as seen in these Scriptures:
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- And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again, and receive you unto myself, that where I am, there ye may be also [John 14:3].
- When Christ, who is our life, shall appear, then shall ye also appear with him in glory [Col. 3:4].
- For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God; and the dead in Christ shall rise first: Then we which are alive and remain, shall be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air: and so shall we ever be with the Lord [1 Thess.4:16-17].
- Beloved, now are we the sons of God, and it doth not yet appear what we shall be: but we know that, when he shall appear, we shall be like him; we shall see him as he is [1 John 3:2].
It is the Person who is emphasized in all the passages dealing with the glorious expectation of the Church rather than the place to which they are taken.
We see, from passages such as Revelation 21:3 that the Lord Jesus Christ will be dwelling with men on the new earth in the eternal kingdom. Since Scripture reveals that the church will be with Christ, we can concluded that the eternal abode of the church will likewise be in the new earth, in that heavenly city—New Jerusalem, that has been especially prepared by God for the saints. Such a relationship would be the answer to the Lords Prayer for those God had given Him.
John 17:24 “Father, I want those you have given me to be with me where I am, and to see my glory, the glory you have given me because you loved me before the creation of the world.”
Since the eternal glory of Christ will be manifested in the eternal kingdom in his eternal rule, it is natural that the Church should be there to behold that glorification of Christ forever.
Salvation is spiritual and physical
God brings spiritual salvation in the form of personal fellowship, spiritual intimacy, and the promise of eternal life with God (Read Ephesians 1:3-8). However, salvation also includes temporal, external deliverance—“salvation” in a physical sense. Therefore, salvation is not merely spiritual.
Believers can and should look forward to the resurrection of the body and to “new heavens and a new earth in which righteousness dwell” (2 Peter 3:13). Personal salvation starts with renewal of the heart, but in the end it will be comprehensive… physical and spiritual, and cosmic in scope. The Old Testament, when it speaks of the Promised Land, physical prosperity, and physical health anticipates the physical nature of the true Christian believer’s prosperity in the new heavens and the new earth.
Eternal Perspective
The biblical doctrines and truth discussed herein have only covered the highlights of God’s overall plan so that believers can know that they are not traveling through history in a helter-skelter fashion. God’s Word reveals order and direction, which includes both spiritual and physical death, and eternity. Not one person is excluded from God’s order of things to come. Scripture teaches that every member of the human race is accountable to God (Jeremiah 17:10; 32:19). There is one true God from whom we come, through whom we live, and to whom we are accountable.
God’s ultimate purpose in redemptive history is to create a people to dwell in his presence, glorifying him through their lives and enjoying him forever in eternal glory. The grand historical narrative of the Bible begins with God in eternal glory before the beginning of time and history, and it ends with God and his redeemed people in eternal glory. The history of salvation is the grand overarching story of the Bible and embracing it gives coherence to all of life.
It calls each of God’s people to own the story personally and it dignifies each believer with a role in the further outworking of the story in this life and for eternity.
Philippians 3:20-21 But our citizenship is in heaven. And we eagerly await a Savior from there, the Lord Jesus Christ, who, by the power that enables him to bring everything under his control, will transform our lowly bodies so that they will be like his glorious body.
[1] Believers are Jews and Gentiles who by the grace of God, through faith, have received Christ by “believing” (Eph 2:8-9; John1:12-13, 20:31; Acts 15:7-8, 16:31-34; Rom 3:22-24, 10:9-10; 1 Cor 1:21, 15:2-4; Eph 1:13-14; 1 Tim 1:16; Heb 10:39, 11:6; 1 John 3:23-24, 5:13). Believing means to Acknowledge, Commit to, and Trust in Christ as Savior. To “believe in” Jesus includes both a wholehearted trust in him for forgiveness of sins and a decision to forsake one’s sin or to “repent.” All who truly “repent [or turn from their sins] and believe [in Jesus for the forgiveness of their sins]” will be redeemed (Mark 1:15) and restored to a right relationship with God (1 John 1:9). To “believe in” Jesus also requires relating to, and putting trust in, Jesus as he truly is—not just a man in ancient history but also a personal living Savior today, seated at the right hand of the Father, who is sovereign and who knows every heart, and hears all prayers.
[2] Dispensations are a particular era in which God deals with humans in a certain way. For instance: The era of innocence—Creation to the Fall; the era of conscience—Adam to the Flood; etc.
[i] Based on “When Death Comes,” chapter 4, by Keith Harris, The Olive Press; and ESV Study Bible, “God’s Plan of Salvation” article; Crossway Bibles